![]() The original idea in developing the Electromatic drive was to make a power unit for all kinds of typewriters. The Northeast Electric went ahead from this point with the development of a motor to be self-contained in the power base. This method of driving was immediately found to be a handicap to the machine because it eliminated the flexibility and portability of the typewriter. The first conception of a power-driven typewriter worked on the same principle as the sewing machines in a large tailoring plant. The machine originally had been designed to operate from a power-driven line shaft. In 1920 he produced a successful advanced model, and on Apturned that machine over to the Northeast Electric Company in Rochester for development. After he had served in the Army, he came back and went to work on his power-driven machine. Smathers's operations as an inventor were halted by World War I. The first power operated machine of practical value was invented in 1914 by James Fields Smathers of Kansas City, Missouri. Development of the IBM Electric typewriter The International Business Machines Corporation was responsible for two of these four major changes in the typewriter industry, namely, Power Operation and Proportional Spacing. Proportional Spacing, which brought to the typist's work the beauty of the printed page.Power Operation, which brought for the first time to the typist's desk the speed and versatility of electricity.The Capital Shift, which made possible the use of upper and lower case characters in a machine compact enough to be operated by touch. ![]() These improvements in the order in which they appeared are as follows: However, there have been only four major and important improvements since the original machine in 1873. Sholes's original machine, many makes of typewriters have been introduced and marketed. Mark Twain, the American humorist, was among the first purchasers of a typewriter, and he was the first author to submit a typewritten manuscript to a publisher. Since it was a large, cumbersome and expensive machine, it was never marketed. Edison built a typewriter which was operated electrically - by a series of magnets. Sholes at the time that some day the typewriter would be operated by electricity. Edison to Milwaukee to see his miracle machine and Mr. This machine was a blind writer and wrote in only one case that is, it not have both capitals and small letters, but wrote only in capitals. The carriage was returned to the left margin by a foot pedal similar to a sewing machine treadle. The first commercial model was manufactured in 1873 and was mounted on a sewing machine stand. The man who was responsible for this invention was Christopher Latham Sholes of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The first practical typewriter was completed in September, 1867, although the patent was not issued until June, 1868. His crude device had something of the appearance of a butcher's meat block and was called a "Typographer." The only model of Burt's machine was destroyed in the Patent Office fire of 1836. This machine was developed in 1828, and his patent was signed by President Andrew Jackson in that same year. The first writing machine constructed in the United States was the invention of William Austin Burt of Detroit. ![]() No record or description of the invention has survived. This patent was issued to a man named Henry Mill, an English engineer. History tells us that the first known patent for a typewriting device to make characters “so neat and exact as not to be distinguished from print” was granted by Queen Anne of England on January 7, 1714. ![]() The many advantages of the modern IBM Electric Typewriter can be appreciated by reviewing the history of typewriters, the years of research, and the millions of dollars spent on their development. ![]()
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